JUSTIFICATION

It has been shown that one of the most frequent problems in canines, at any stage of their life, is the high probability of contracting ticks, which generate a large number of diseases in animals. In Colombia, there are around 2,000,000 families that have pet canines in their homes, which tend to suffer from tick infestations, since the heat and odors they give off attract ectoparasites in an untimely manner; This phenomenon is generally due to carbon dioxide, emitted by the dog through its skin, which becomes an irresistible fragrance for these spider mites. (Mascoteros Blog, Oct. 2020). In addition, at any stage of their life they can get ticks, and when this happens a constant fear is aroused in the caregivers, due to the different diseases that they can transmit to their pets.

The life cycle of ticks begins when the female lays her eggs and these develop and give rise to larvae, which can spend more than 8 months without food and thus wait for the passage of a host. This spider mite absorbs a minimal amount of blood, the host canine can bear it without any difficulty, but if there are large amounts of these, the animal can weaken and begin to suffer serious diseases. (Scalibor, Blog)

There are different methods to combat these spider mites, both to prevent them and to treat the infections that you can get, these differ by the way of application, how they act, and how long they protect your canine. There are variations depending on the application methods: collars, pipettes, pills, sprays, lotions, powder or anti-parasitic shampoos that can be used individually or in combination. These methods usually include within their composition as active ingredients: fipronil, permethrin, or pyriproxyfen. Some of these act against other parasites that are similar, such as fleas, lice etc. (ADVANCE, n.d.)

Some examples of toxicity of the components as active ingredients mentioned above.

Fipronex G5 topical solution, contains 45 mg pyriproxyfen.

In addition to not being carcinogenic, teratogenic or mutagenic, pyriproxyfen is not irritable either for the skin or for the eyes of canines, these showed that in 4 weeks treated with the recommended doses 3x and 9x did not show an adverse reaction in them, it can also be used as a therapeutic element in the same canines. (P. Junquera, 2018)

Burnet flea powder, contains 1% permethrin.

Permethrin is neurotoxic: it blocks or delays sodium transport across the cell membrane (both parasites and hosts). This causes sensitivity in neurosecretory and sensory cells. Permethrin is generally well tolerated by cattle and canines, with permethrin toxicity being 1000 times higher against parasites than against mammals. But the toxicity can increase in case of having contact with an open wound, and through inhalation of this. (P. Junquera, 2017)

Frontline Spray, contains 0.0025 g fipronil.

Fipronil works by altering the central nervous system of insects. The journal Biomarkers in Toxicology indicates:

"Oral administration of Fipronil may produce signs of neurotoxicity, including seizures, tremors, abnormal gait and stooped posture, in laboratory animals. Similar signs may occur after inhalation exposure.

Poisoned cats and dogs often show symptoms of tremors, seizures, epilepsy, and death. Fipronil toxicity from dermal exposure is more pronounced in rabbits than in rats and mice. Humans exposed to Fipronil by consumption may show symptoms of headache, tonic-clonic seizures, epilepsy, paraesthesia, pneumonia, and death. "(Dr. Joseph Mercola., 2018)

An investigation was carried out, where morphological alterations in the salivary glands of the Rhipicephalus Sanguineus tick exposed to the oil of the seed of the Nemm tree were evidenced, where its active agent is known as Azadirachtin indica. Neem extracts are unique, mainly because they are capable of causing subtle alterations in the behavior and physiology of many arthropods, impairing their reproduction and feeding processes, affecting metamorphosis, as well as causing recognized morphological effects in the ovary, ganglia and integument. of ticks Rs. In this study, it is possible that the substances present in the extracts of the neem tree seeds crossed the integument of the Rs. Ticks, reaching the hemolymph and internal organs. (Sandra Eloisi Denardi a, et al. 2010)

Azadirachtin is the active component in some of the insect repellants, as time passes it has stood out for its control in pests. No acute oral toxicity studies are reported, only long-term toxicity reports appear in canines.

The substance did not produce clinical signs that demonstrated toxicity, nor alterations in body weight in the animal biomodel used, nor death of any animal; macroscopically, no alterations of diagnostic value were found. (Esparza Días, et al, 2010)

Within the Scielo oral acute toxicity study, it was shown that after the administration of the decoction of the Azadirachta indica plant, and up to 14 days of observation, 100% survival was recorded, with normal behavior in the animals with reflex normal posture, grooming habits and habitual response to nociceptive stimuli, as well as consumption of food and water as corresponds to its species.

Body weight is one of the most important parameters in a toxicological study, because its alterations are a sensitive indicator of the toxicity caused by a chemical compound.

There it was demonstrated that the study demonstrated that the substance evaluated orally, at a single dose, is framed as unclassified, in the animal model and dose level used under the experimental conditions used. (Clara Azalea Berenguer Rivas, et al. 2013)

In addition, it was motivated to originate this project based on one of the most common problems when acquiring a canine as a pet, which is the easy spread of ticks, and some risks that they have due to said bite of this small but powerful species. This is one of the many and important reasons why it is said that a pet is a very big responsibility, because it is true, it is a living being that constantly needs attention.